ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF DIALECTICS BY DR. R.K.DHAUGODA

åGåjfbsf] pRr ljsf; 

(Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics) / o;sf] ;j{JofkL l;h{gfTds k|of]u

æåGåjfb ult, k|fs[lts ljsf;, dfgj ;dfh tyf lrGtgsf] ;fj{JofkL lgodx?sf] lj1fg eGbf c? s]xL x}g .Æ P+u]N;

"Dialectics is Nothing than the science of the general laws of motion and development of nature, human society and thought" - Engels  

åGåjfb Pp6f k|s[lt, ;dfh, ljZj tyf dfgj lrGtgsf] ultlzn a}1flgs JofVof ug]{ lj1fg dfq geO{ Pp6f dxTjk'0f{ tl/sf jf k4lt (Method) klg xf] . h;n] ;j} lrh ultlzn Pj+ kl/jt{glzn 7fG5 . åGåjfb dfgj hLjgsf] cleGg c+u xf], dfgj ;dfhsf x/]s ;DaGwx? Pj+ k|s[ltsf cgluGtL lgod tyf :jefjx? o; åGåfTds lgod Pj+ k|s[ofx?af6 rn]sf x'G5g\ . Toltdfq x}g, åGåjfbn] ultlzntf, kl/jt{glzntf, ;+3if{, ldl>ttf, ljsf;, ?kfGt/0f eGg] s'/fx? ljkl/t tTjx?sf]  cl:tTjsf] sf/0fn] dfq x'G5 eG5 . o;n] lgoldt kl/jt{g Pj+ ljsf;sf] ;fy} cfsl:ds kl/jt{gsf If0fx?sf] klg JofVof ub{5 . cyf{t cfsl:ds 36\g] 36\gfx?nfO{ b}lj jf cGo c1ft sf/0faf6 geO{ leqL lgoldt ef}lts lgodx?sf] kl/0ffd af6 ePsf] a'emfpb5 .

n]lggsf] cg';f/ vf;df åGåjfb eg]sf] ljkl/t w|jx? Pj+ lj?4fef;x?sf] PsTj / ;+3if{nfO{ a'emg] k4lt Pj+ lj1fg xf] .

            xfd|f] ;dfhdf /x]sf ;j} ef}lts a:t'x?, 36gfx?, k|0ffnL, OsfO{ Pj+ lrGtg ;j}df k|ltkIftf x'G5 . slxn] sfxL aflx/L ?kdf s]xL a:t' jf 36gfx? k|ltkIf ljlxg jf Ps?ktf b]lvPklg ltgsf k|ltkIf tTjx? xfd|f] cg'e"ltaf6 n's]sf x''G5g\  / ulx/fO{df k'Ugf ;fy t'?Gt} k|ltkIftf b]vfkl/ xfNb5 .  k|ltkIfx? Ps csf{af6 cNnluPsf x'b}gg\ , ltgLx? Pp6} / ToxL 36gfx?df ljBdfg x'G5g\, / PsTjdf cleJoQm x'G5g\ .

lgod eg]sf] s] xf] <

åGåjfbdf o:sf] dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf 5 . o;sf] bfz{lgs efj a'em\g h?/L 5 . hutsf ;j{JofkL ;DaGwx? a'em\g lgodsf cfjZostf kb{5 cyf{t lgod egs]f s'g}klg 36\gf tyf a:t'x?sf ljr, a:t'k/s, ;j{JofkL ckl/xfo{ / dxTjk'0f{ ;DaGw xf] .

   s'g}klg lgoddf lgDg u'0fx? x'G5g\  .

                        ! j:t'k/stf

                        @ ;j{JofkL ;DaGw

                        # of] ;DaGw dxTjk'0f{ ckl/xfo{ x'G5

                        $ ;fk]lIfs :yfoL / bf]xf]l//xg] k|s[of xf]

lgod sf] cfkm\g} l;ldttf x'g ;Sb5 . 36\gfx?sf] ;dfGftfsf] dfqfn] lgodx?nfO{ 5'6ofPsf] x'G5 . s]xL lgodx? l;ldt 36\gfdf dfq nfu'x'G5 .

 s]xL lgodx? ;Dk'0f{ k|s[lt dfly g} nfu' x'G5 . h;sf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf oxf 8f=/fhs'df/ wf}uf]8f åf/f k|ltkflbt rkdhaughoda's key law of dialectics -åGåjfbsf] d'n lgod_– of] lgod eg]sf] ef}lts zf:qdf phf{ zlQmsf] ;+/If0f lgod (law of conservation of energy) h:t} ;j{JofkL lgod xf] . cyf{t o; åGåjfb Pp6f j}1flgs bz{g x'gfn] o:n] ;j{JofkL lgodsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg / ljsf; u/fpg dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg u/fpb5 . To;} sf/0fn] o;sf] -åGåjfbsf] d'n lgdosf]_ ;j} lj1fgx?sf] nflu cfjZos j]1flgs 1fg af]wsf] tl/sfsf] ;f/ leq kb{5 .

åGåjfbsf k|d'v lgodx? o;k|sf/ 5g\ .

q k|ltkIfx?sf] PsTj / ;+3if, ?kfGt/0f, ldl>ttf .

q bf]xf]/f] s[ofdf kl/df0ffTds kl/jt{gx?sf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gx?df ;+s|d0f

q  ljsf;sf] s|dM lgDg :t/af6 pRr :t/lt/ Pj+ ;fdfGoaf6 hl6nlt/ x'G5 .

q åGåjfbsf] gsf/sf] gsf/ ;DaGwL lgod(Theory of negation of negation)

q  cGtlxg ljsf; / kQfnufpg]  k|lqmofx?sf] ;Defjgf

q s'g} klg 36\gf 36g'sf] cGtlxg sf/0f / kl/0ffdsf ;DaGwx?sf] cl:tTj x'g' .

q  ;f/ / ?k, Joli6 / ;di6L, cfsl:dstf / lgofldttf ;Tj / 36\gfqmd, ;Defjotf / jf:tljstf cflb tTjx?sf] k/:k/ lj/f]wfjf; Pj+ ?kfGt/0fx?sf] k|lqmofx?sf] cl:tTj / JofVof ug]{ k4lt eGg] klg a'emfpb5 .

q  ;+;f/sf s'g}klg 36\gf jf a:t'x? Ps cfk;df ;DalGwt x'g' jf c5'tf] gx'g' .

åGåjfbsf oL ljleGg dxTjk'0f{ 5'§f–5'§} lgodx?nfO{ Plss[t agfO , To;af6 åGåjfbsf] d'n ;j{JofkL lgdo agfpg w]/} /fd|f] x'g ;Sb5 . cyf{t åGåjfbnfO{ n]lggn] ;f/+;df tyf ;f/tTjdf o;/L pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

 (In Brief Dialectics can be define as the doctrine of unity of opposites, this embodies the essence of dialectics. t/ n]lngn] s] klg eg]sf]  5 eg] oL s'/fnfO{ JofVof / ljsf;sf] h?/t kb{5, ( But it requires explanation and development)

            cyf{t åGåjfbsf] Jofkstf / ;f/nfO{ a'emg / a'emfpg o:sf] pRr?kdf ljsf; ug'{ clt dxTjk'0f{ s'/f xf] . / o;sf] b}lgs Jojxf/ Pj+ lj1fgsf x/]s If]qdf a}1flgs pkof]usf] JofVof sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

            åGåjfbn] a:t'ut (Objective) Pj+ ljifout (Subjective) b'j} s'/fx?sf] ;Fu–;Fu} cWoog ub{5 . To;}n] åGåjfbL ljlwaf6 ul/Psf cWoog cg';Gwfgx?sf] glthf af:tjd} s'g}klg 36\gfsf] ;f/ Pj+ ;To glhs k'Ug d4t ub{5 . xfd|f] of] ;+;f/ Pj+ lhjgsf x/]s Jojxf/, 36\gf, ;f]rfO{, a:t'x?, jftfj/0f, cflbdf k/:k/ lj/f]wL tTjx? Pj+ rl/qx?sf] Ps cfk;df ;DalGwt eO{ cl:tTjdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . h:t}M– On]S6«f]g–kf]lh6«f]g, lhjg–d'To', cltjfbL c/fhstfjfbL–åGåfTdsef}ltsjfbL, :jf:Yo–/f]u, pRr/Qmrfk–lgDg/Qmrfk, wlg–ul/a, afdkGyL–blIf0fkGyL, pu|jfdkGyL–afdkGyL, zq'–ldq, wgfTds–l/0ffTds, cfuf]–kfgL, psfnf]–cf]/fnf], tn–dfly, bfof–afof, k"j{–klZrd, gfkmf–3f6f, ;sf/fTds ;f]r–gs/fTds ;f]r, tftf]–lr;f], ;+Zn]if0f–ljZn]if0f, pHofnf]–cFWof/f], k|]d–3[0ff, ldng–lj5f]8, pQ/L w|j–blIf0fL wj, leq–aflx/, ;QfkIf–k|ltkIf, ax'njfbL–clwgfosjfbL, OTofbL ljifoj:t', 36gf, k|s[ofF Pj+ rl/qx? åGåjfbsf s]xL pbfx/0fx? dfq x'g\ .

     cyf{t x/]s If]qx? h:t}, /fhg}lts, ;dflhs, cfly{s, dfgl;s, a}rfl/s, k|fs[lts, eflifs, ;f:s[lts, ef}lts, snf, ;f}Gb{o, tyf lj1fgsf cGo ljleGg If]qx?df åGåjfbsf rl/qx? b]vf kb{5g\ . To;}n] åGåjfbsf lgodx?af6 s'g}klg If]q, a:t', 36gf, k|s[of, Jojxf/, ljrf/ Pj+ wf/0ff c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}g cyf{t ;j{JofkL x'G5 .

            åGåjfbn] s] s'/f atfpF5 eg] s'g}klg ljkl/t tTjx? Ps csf{df ?kfGt/0f x'g ;Sb5g\ . s'g} b'O{ ljkl/t tTjx? klg b'j}df vf; ldNg] ;femf u'0f Pj+ tTjx? x'G5g\  / Ps csf{df lg/Gt/ ?kfGt/0f eO{ /fVg ;Sb5 . h:tf] cfuf] eGg' g} s'g}klg a:t'df /x]sf] xfO9«f]hg  (Hydrogen) tTj xf] h'g cfkm} aNg ;Sb5 aNg] qmddf clS;hg (Oxygen) tTj ;Fu ldn]/ kfgL (H₂O) aG5 (2H +2O₂ = 2H₂O), km]]l/ kfgL (H₂O) nfO{ Electrolysis u/]/ xfO9«f]hg / clS;hg Uof;df 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 (2H₂O electrolysis= H₂+2O₂ ) o;/L oxf kfgL leq klg cfuf]sf] dfqf Hydrogen /x]sf] x'G5 . cfuf] -xfO9«f]hg aNbf cS;Lhg rflxG5 _ clg kfgL H₂O df ?kfGt/0f x'G5 .

cyf{t aNg] a:t' jf zlQmaw{s a:t'x?df lgDgtd ?kdf Hydrogen tTj cyf{t ( +Electric change) sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . h:t}M– t]n, k]6«f]n, Un'sf]h, k|f]6Lg, sfjf]xfO{8|]6, sf7, ag:klt, vfgfksfpg] d]7]g Uof; (CH₄), tyf cGo ljleGg xfOb|f]sfj0f{ of}lusx? x'g\ . logLx? ;j}df  Hydrogen tTj :jtGq eP/ free electrical charge df kl/0ft ePdf zl//sf]] ljleGg /f;folgs k|lqmofdf ;xefuLeO{ Biological energy (ATP) pTkfbg / kfgL (H₂O) aG5 .

o:t} /fhgLltdf klg cltjfDkGyL–cltblIf0fkGyL, -cltjfbL_ Ps cfk;df ljkl/t   b]lvPtf klg oL b'j}sf] ;femf u'0f eg]sf] cltjfb xf] h'g Psflwsf/jfbL, clwgfosjfbL, ax'njfblj/f]wL cfTdut Pj+ oflGqsjfbL Pj+ c/fhstfjfbL -æs'g}klg d'NodfGotf, lgod sfg"g gdfGg], cfkm' v';L an ldrfO{ u/L/fVg]_Æ oL b'j} cltjfdkGyL Pj+ clt blIf0fkGyLx? Ps cfk;df ?kfGt/0f x'g], logLx?sf] ljrsf] s]xL ;+3if{ rNg] tyf cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] nflu h]kgL ug]{ vfnsf] x'G5 .

    h:t} lxhf]sf] ;fdGtL, /fhfjfbL, hftLotf, ;Dk|bfojfbLx?sf] ?kfGt/0f cfhsf cltjfdkGyL -dfcf]jfbL_ Pj+ If]qLo hftLo -t/fO{ sf hftLo If]qLo, kf6L{x? dw]zjfbL hfltjfbL ;+u7gx? Pj+ xltof/wf/L ;+u7gx? x'g_ logLx?sf] ;femf u'0f eg]sf] c/fhstf km}nfpg], cfˆgf] ks8 hdfO{/fVg], ax'njfb of k|hftGqnfO{ lgif]w ug]{, sfg"g gdfGg] x/]s If]qdf ca}1flgs hfltotf, eflifs, If]lqotfsf] s'/f p7fP/ To;sf] gfddf oL cltjfbLsf l;ldt g]tf sfo{stf{x?sf] :jfy{ k'lt{ ug]{ xf] . cyf{t logLx?n] dfgj;dfhdf O{ltxf;b]lv rlncfPsf Pj+ dflg; leqsf] hfltotf, eflifs, If]lqotf, /Ë, ;f:s[lts cflb clt ;Da]bglzn ljifonfO{ p7fP/ easy vote bank a9fpg], ;dfhdf åGå km}nfpg,] xltof/, jn / ;+ul7t ;+u7g dfkm{t an ldRrfO{ u/L ;Qf :jfy{k'lt{ ub{5g\ . h:t} t/fO{df rGbf cft+s, pBf]u leq dhb'/ cft+s eO{ sof} pBf]u aGb e}/x]s]f 5 h:t}M ;'o{ g]kfn uf/d]G6 , / kF'hL knfog eO{ b]zs]f cfly{s ljsf;df afwf c9\rg cfO/x]sf] 5 .

o:t} @!cf}F ztfAbLsf] rfxgf, cfjZostf, kl/l:ylt, Jojxf/ Pj+ lrGtg ljkl/tsf clt/fi6«jfb, hfltjfb, ;+3Lotfjfb, c/fhstfjfb, wfld{s eflifs If]qLotfjfbL, Psflwsf/jfbL Pj+ clwgfosjfbL ;f]rx?n] ;dfhnfO{ !%cf}F ztfAbL lt/ ws]Ng] ljrf/ / lqmofsnfkx? x'g . h;n] b]zdf czflGtsf] ljp /f]k]/ cfˆgf :jfy{ k'lt{df nfu]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] s'g}klg ;fdfGo gful/sx?n] lj/f]w ug'{kb{5 .

åGåjfbn] hlxn] klg clt eg]sf] vlt jf ljgf;sf] sf/s÷xfgLsf/s c;Gt'ng k}bf u/fpg] tTjx? x'g eG5 . h:t} z/L/df clt g'g, ;'u/, lrNnf], xdf]{g jf s'g}klg /f;folgs tTjx?sf] dfqfclt ePdf z/L/df vlt jf /f]u lgDTofpb5 . cyf{t cltjfbL -cltjfdkGyL / cltblIf0fkGyL) åGåjfbsf] gh/df vt/fgfs x'G5 . h;n] b]z, ;dfh, kl/jf/, Pj+ JolQmnfO{ vlt u/fpb5 .

cltjfbLx?sf] hftLo, eflifs, ;f:s[lts, lnlËP tyf If]qLo klxrfg sfod /fVg' eg]sf] 3G cyjf 4G df]jfOn kmf]gsf] hdfgfdf k]h/sf] jsfnt ug'{, l8hL6n Sofd/fsf] hdfgfdf l/njfnf Black and white Sofd/fsf] jsfnt ug'{ tyf 3D/4D/6D/TV sf] cuf8L  Black and white Tv sf] avfg ug'{ h:t} xf] . cyf{t ljZj olt ;fu'l/Psf] 5 ls Pp6} efiff cu|]hL, ldl>t ;f:s[lts rng, ljZj Pp6} ;dfh kl/jf/ Boundary less, ljrf/sf nfvf}F km'n k'mNg] km'njf/L ldl>t cy{ Joj:yf , Pp6} cfly{s Joj:yf, Pp6} ;~rf/ If]q, -h:t} OG6/g]6_ cflbsf] hdfgfdf ;/nLs/0f Pj+ ;x/Ls/0fsf] ljk/Lt xfdL k5fl8 ws]lnP/ a:g ;Sb}gf} .

 clxn]sf] clt ltj|ultsf] ultlzn ;dfh ljsf;nfO{ cltjfbL ;f]rn] 5]Sg ;Sb}g . clt hflto, eflifo, lnlËP, If]lqo Pj+ wfdL{s cg'e'lt  (Class over sensation) u/fpg] lqmofsnfk, cltjfbLsf k|d'v u'0fx'gfn] To:tf]jf6 ;b}j ;r]tx'g cfdgful/sn] l;Sg' kb{5 . cGoyf o;sf] 89]nf]af6 aRg sbfkL ufXf] x'G5 clg xfd|f] b]z / ;dfhnfO{ åGå / /f]uaf6 arfpg ufX|f] x'G5 .

            b]z, ;dfh, Pj+ ljZjnfO{g} :j:Yo kfg{ ;Dk'0f{ hgtfn] åGåjfb s] xf] <, o;sf] pkof]u xfd|f] b}lgs lhjgdf s;/L  ug]{ eGg] jf/]df a'em\g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . h;af6 ;fdfGo hgtfnfO{ cltjfbL tyf cfb{zafbL ljleGg ;f]r Pj+ Jojxf/af6 ?kfGtl/t u/fO{ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f Pj+ Jojxf/ ePsf JolQmsf] ?kdf ljsf; u/fpg åGåjfbnfO{ cem pRr ?kdf ljsf; u/L ;dfh tyf lj1fgsf x/]s ljwfdf k|of]u ug{, u/fpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

To;}n] o; åGåjfbnfO{ cem pRr ?kdf ljsf; ug{  åGåjfbsf ;Dk'0f{  5l/P/ /x]sf efjx? (categories), lgodx?÷l;4fGtx?nfO{ ;/ns[t Pj+ PsLs[t u/]/ ;j}n] a'em\g] ?kdf ;'qLs[t ug{ n]vsn]  sl/a !) jif{ nufP/ åGåjfbsf] pRr kl/:s[t ljsf;sf] ?kdf åGåjfbsf] ;j{JofkL d'n lgod k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5 , h;nfO{ Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics  -8f= /fhs'df/ wf}uf]8fåf/f k|ltkflbt åGåjfbsf] d'n lgod_ elgG5 .

o; Rkdhaugoda's key law of dialectics cg';f/ M–

æs'g}klg OsfO{, k|0ffnL, k|lqmof, 36gf, a:t', ;f]rfO{cfbL s'/fx?df aflxl/ ljk/Lt tTjx? Pj+ 36\gfx?sf] ;fk]IfLt cg'kflts ;DaGw km]/L csf]{ leqL ljleGg ljkl/t tTjx? Pj+ 36\gfx? ;Fu x'G5 . Æ

cyf{t c+u|]hLdf –

"In any system, event, object, process, thought, natural law, there is presence of connection of the outer opposite set of phenomena which are again associated reciprocally with Inner other opposite set of phenomena, dynamically".